• B LAKSHMI PRASANNA LATHA
• Dr. D.C. REDDY

This study presents results on Protozoan present in various stages of Penaeus monodon. Three categories of protozoans viz .Ciliates sps., Gregarine sps., and Microsporidian sps., were observed in various stages of the host during the year 2011–2012. Ciliates were found in the larvae on the surface of the body, attached to the gills, and appendages. Gregarine sps., were seen in the gut of the larvae. Microsporidian sps., have been noticed in the white faecal matter of the larvae, and white-colored muscle of the host larvae. Larvae are affected by anoxia, starvation, delay of molting, retarded growth rate, zigzag movement, not being attracted towards light, and an ugly, dirty appearance. In cases where these symptoms are severe, infected larvae are dead, as are other microbes. And measured some physical parameters such as Temperature, Salinity, PH, and dissolved oxygen. As is well known, prevention is better than cure, and most of these have developed in various practices such as lack of water and food quality, increased stocking density, lack of larval management, lack of knowledge in disease diagnosis, inadequate salinity, temperature, PH, accumulation of organic matter, which have led to the growth of protozoans.

Penaeus monodon larval stages, protozoans, clinical signs, physical parameters, and survival rate

"Presence of Protozoans parasites in Larval , and Post Larval stages of Penaeus monodon in a Shrimp Hatchery, Tupilipalem, Gudur, Tirupathi Dt.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 9, page no.e639-e648, September-2023, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2309477.pdf

"Presence of Protozoans parasites in Larval , and Post Larval stages of Penaeus monodon in a Shrimp Hatchery, Tupilipalem, Gudur, Tirupathi Dt.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 9, page no. ppe639-e648, September-2023, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2309477.pdf