• Sushree Swaraj
• T Hari babu
• Dinisha Sharma
• Ishani chowdhury
• Manjunatha PM

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterised by elevated blood sugar level due to insufficient insulin production or inadequate insulin action. Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is one of the most significant side effects of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), caused by an excess of oxygen radicals. It is characterized by elevated blood sugar, glucose auto-oxidation, glycation of proteins, and the polyol activation mechanism and is characterized by the amount of albumin in the urine and a predicted glomerular filtration rate. Animal models can be used to investigate the pathophysiology of diseases and test potential new treatments, but they often overlook essential constitutional and functional features of complex human disease. An optimal animal model for human diabetic nephropathy should be affordable, simple to maintain, and easily accessible for practical reasons. Research on mice has made a significant contribution to our knowledge of human biology, physiology, hormones, and medicine. Animal models are used to study various diseases, such as systemic inflammatory illnesses, rheumatic arthritis, seizures, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and many more. There are numerous rodent models available for studying the pathogenesis of Diabetes kidney disease (DKD) and evaluating cutting-edge treatment approaches. Throughout this article, we focus on providing a detailed analysis of the animal models currently in use for diabetes nephropathy, such as the db/db mice model, akita mouse model, OVE 26 mice model, ob/ob mice model, NOD mice model, NZO model, KKAy mice model, WDF rat model, Zucker fatty rat model.

Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes nephropathy, insulin, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, Animal model

"Optimal Animal Models for Diabetic Nephropathy: Bridging the Gap from Biology to Medicine", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 9, page no.f674-f689, September-2023, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2309583.pdf

"Optimal Animal Models for Diabetic Nephropathy: Bridging the Gap from Biology to Medicine", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 9, page no. ppf674-f689, September-2023, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2309583.pdf