• DEVENDRA KUMAR SHAH
• ASHISH KUMAR JAIN
• AKHLESH KUMAR SINGHAI

Synthetic vaccines, in particular long synthetic peptides of approximately 25–50 amino acids in length, are attractive for HIV vaccine development and for induction of therapeutic immune responses in patients with (pre)malignant disorders. In the case of preventive vaccine development against HIV, no major success has been achieved, but the possibilities are by no means exhausted. A long peptide vaccine consisting of 13 overlapping peptides, which together cover the entire length of the two oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 of high-risk human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16), caused complete regression of all lesions and eradication of virus in 9 out of 20 women with high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, a therapyresistant preneoplastic disorder. The nature and strength of the vaccineprompted T cell responses were significantly correlated with the clinical response. Synthetic peptide vaccines are attractive, because they allow rational improvement of vaccine design and detailed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies not possible with conventional vaccines. Improvements are possible by addition or conjugation of adjuvants, notably TLR ligands, to the synthetic peptides. Synthetic vaccines represent a groundbreaking approach in immunology, leveraging cutting-edge technologies to engineer targeted immune responses against specific pathogens. Unlike traditional vaccines derived from weakened or inactivated pathogens, synthetic vaccines are designed at the molecular level, often incorporating antigenic components of pathogens or mimics of these components. This design enables precise control over immune system activation, enhancing efficacy and safety profiles. Synthetic vaccines can be tailored to overcome challenges such as antigen variability and immunogenicity, offering potential solutions for diseases with complex or evolving pathogens. Additionally, their modular nature allows for rapid adaptation to emerging infectious threats, making them invaluable tools for pandemic preparedness. By harnessing synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and computational modeling, these vaccines hold promise for revolutionizing disease prevention and control in the 21st century.

Introduction, Composition, Mode of Action, Manufacturing Process, Clinical Trials, Market Availability, Research and Development.

"A SYSTMATIC REVIEW ON : SYNTHETIC VACCINES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 4, page no.k362-k374, April-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2404A47.pdf

"A SYSTMATIC REVIEW ON : SYNTHETIC VACCINES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 4, page no. ppk362-k374, April-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2404A47.pdf