Abstract
Ruta graveolens, commonly known as Rue, holds significance in drug development, featuring diverse pharmacological activities across many nations. Traditionally it's used for pain relief, eye issues, rheumatism, and dermatitis, recent studies says it can act as antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, insecticidal properties, and there were obvious antiproliferative activities of R. graveolens EO, 2-undecanone, and 2-nonanone against specific cancer cells. Phytochemical compounds like rutin, quercetin, psoralen, methoxypsoralen, rutacridone, rutacridone epoxide, and gravacridondiol have been identified. The essential oil, dominated by α-pinene, limonene, and 1,8-cineole, underscores the plant's medicinal value. With its wide availability, ease of collection, and notable biological activities, R. graveolens has evolved into a medicinal cornerstone, especially in the Mediterranean region. This abstract offers a comprehensive overview, delving into botanical, chemical, and pharmacological facets, covering phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, drug development, extraction methods, composition, and drug evaluation.